solver

Open the Build Roof dialog and look on the left for Roof Styles. Follow the links to the documentation.

Place a doorway as wide as the opening. Draw a half wall off to the side. Set it to No Room Definition. Use the center tool to move it into the opening. You will need to add your own base trim.

Video shows something similar. Make the pass-through head height less than the doorway and grab it with the center move handle to drag it into the doorway, then adjust its head height to match. Watch on YouTube: https://youtu.be/1W0LheEroRk

You will need to post the plan file.

Check out the Snipping Tool for making screen captures. It lets you select parts of the screen creating a better view. What you posted is really small To answer your question, everything drawn on a specific level is referenced to the floor of that level. Level 1 floor is 0". The software uses the concept of a room -- once you create a room by connecting walls, you can then control the elevation of that room, raise or lower the ceiling etc. Draw the remaining walls, open the room specification dialog and place a negative value in for Floor. The ceiling height will then need to be changed unless you want it to match the house.

Watch on YouTube: http://youtu.be/NdaoSvoMbvc?hd=1

You can't. You only have the ability to auto build roofs. You would need to upgrade to Pro to get manual roofs.

Be aware the videos show Pro which has many features the other titles do not. You can change the basic structure -- ceilings, floors, walls etc in Pro, but not in Architectural.

No. I'd draw with the default wall types assuming they will be the majority. Then multi select the walls that need to change, open and change to the new wall type. With Chief, you can add wall types to the library and then pick and begin drawing.

Trusses build between ceiling and roof planes. Think about how you truss will look and use the roof to control it. Here I changed this roof plane so the trusses would build the same all across. You do need a 2nd floor. And it's helpful to post images showing the problem ...

Turn off Auto Rebuild Roofs.

This is coming up from a basement. Concrete foundation wall that the 1st floor wall is on top of. The wall in question sits inboard and is there to contain insulation and to provide something to attach a finish surface (drywall) to.

That would work.

That's one way. You can also copy the sub fascia and edit its size and position.

It's often helpful to have an image or 2 so we see what you see, and to know the reason -- in this case why you don't want an eave fascia. You can reduce the size of the eave fascia, but not eliminate only it as you have seen. You can turn eave and gable fascias off and manually place the gable fascia (various ways). Even Chief Premier is stuck with this dumbness ...

Trusses build between roof and ceiling. You are free to draw them as required. Have you searched the Home Designer website? Checked the Chief Architect videos on YouTube?

An unrelated suggestion. Work to keep your dimensions cleaner. Here is a before and after. I've turned on the secondary dimension format so the changes are clear.

And for problems like this, all we need is the plan file, not a complete backup.

With Auto Roofs, roofs build over rooms. Your stairwells, for example are specified to have no roof over them. There is at least one room on each side somewhere in the interior of the structure with a similar problem. I just set all rooms to be the same.

I would not use the dormer tools to do this. I've not looked at the plan, but give this a try and see how far you get. Make sure Auto Rebuild Roofs is on. Use Edit>Reset To Defaults to get the roof back to a base configuration. Now set walls as required to Full Gable. Once the the roof is building mostly correctly, decide how you will change the various pitches.

What's the problem -- or what's the roof supposed to look like?

I'm not seeing that problem. Post your plan file for the best help. Close the software first.

Watch on YouTube: http://youtu.be/4kR-9nOhnfA?hd=1

You might try saving as a DWG or DXF, whichever Pro supports, and then importing.