Just tried complete uninstall and fresh install. No effect. The "room type" options are still missing.
I did just note something particularly interesting: It works fine on newly created files. It's only on my older files (which I believe may have been originally started in v2019) that have the issue of missing rooms.
A few more technical details if it matters:
Home Designer Architectural 2022, running on an M1 Mac Book Pro
Build 23.4.1.8OSX